Engineering Notes

Wednesday, 5 March 2025

ZOHO On Campus -2024 Interview Questions

Saturday, 6 April 2024

The anatomy of a PHP Page(or) Embedding PHP Code in Your Web Pages

A PHP script is a file (ending with a .php extension) consisting of text, HTML, and PHP instructions interspersed throughout the file.

The PHP instructions are contained within two HTML style tags; is the closing tag. Everything between these two tags is interpreted by the PHP module (also called interpreter) and converted to regular text and HTML before being sent back to the requesting browser.

There are four delimitation variants:

Default Syntax
Short-Tags
Script
ASP Style
Short-circuit syntax

Embedding Multiple Code Blocks :

Commenting Your Code:

Single-Line C++ Syntax
Shell Syntax
Multiple-Line C Syntax (/*………*/)

Default Syntax

The default delimiter syntax opens with

<?php

echo “ First PHP program”;

Output: First PHP program

Short-Tags:

print "This is another PHP example.";

Output: This is another PHP example.

Script

print "This is another PHP example.";

</script>

ASP Style

print "This is another PHP example.";

Short-circuit syntax:

<?=

"This is another PHP example.";

This is functionally equivalent to both of the following variations:

echo "This is another PHP example.";

<?php

echo "This is another PHP example.";

Embedding Multiple Code Blocks:

<html>

<head>

</head>

<body>

<?php

$date = " April 06, 2024";

<p>Today's date is <?=$date;?></p>

</body>

</html>

Commenting Your Code

1. Single-Line C++ Syntax

PHP supports C++

single-line comment syntax, which is prefaced with a double slash (//), like this:

<?php

// Title: My first PHP script

// Author: Narendra

echo "This is a PHP program.";

2.Shell Syntax

PHP also supports an alternative to the C++ style single-line syntax, known as shell syntax, which is prefaced with a hash mark (#).

<?php

# Title: My first PHP script

# Author: Narendra

echo "This is a PHP program.";

3. Multiple-Line C Syntax

PHP also offers a multiple-line variant that can open and close the comment on different lines.

Here’s an example:

<?php

Title: My first PHP script

Author: Narendra

echo "This is a PHP program.";

Outputting Data to the Browser

The simplest of dynamic web sites will output data to the browser, and PHP offers several methods for doing so.

1. print() Statement

2. echo() Statement

3. printf() Statement

4. sprintf() Statement

print() Statement

The print() statement outputs data passed to it . Its prototype looks like this: int print(argument)

Example

<?php

print("<b>welcome to PHP</b>");

echo() Statement

<?php

echo " welcome to PHP ";

printf() Statement

The printf() statement is ideal when you want to output a blend of static text and dynamic information stored within one or several variables.

Example

<?php

printf("Bar inventory: %d bottles of tonic water.", 100); ?>

Output:

Bar inventory: 100 bottles of tonic water.

sprintf() Statement

The sprintf() statement is functionally identical to printf() except that the output is assigned to a string rather than rendered to the browser.

Example

<?php

$cost = sprintf("$%.2f", 43.2);

echo $cost;

Output

$43.20

HTML5 Input Types

HTML5 added several new input types:

New Tags in HTML5

<audio>

<bdi> Bi-Directional Isolation

<embed>

<figcaption> tag defines a caption for a <figure> element

<mark>

<meter>

<nav> tag defines a set of navigation links

<video>

<wbr> (Word Break Opportunity)

<aside>

<main>

<ruby> tag specifies a ruby annotation.

<rp>

<rt>

<time>

<track> tag specifies text tracks for media elements <audio> and <video>

Multi page form in PHP with Example

A multi page form in PHP are used to retain values of a form and can transfer them from one page to another .

multipage.php

<html>

<body>

<p>Page 1 Data Collection:</p>

Your Name: <input type="text" name="yourname" maxlength="150" />

</form>

</div>

</body>

</html>

OUTPUT

multipage2.php

<p>Page 2 Data Collection:</p>

Selection:

<option value="nogo">make a selection...</option>

<option value="Choice1">Choice1</option>

<option value="Choice2">Choice2</option>

<option value="Choice3">Choice3</option>

</select><br /><br />

</form>

</div>

</body></html>

OUTPUT

multipage3.php

<html>

<body>

<p>Page 3 Data Collection:</p>

Your Email: <input type="text" name="youremail" maxlength="150" /><br />

</form>

</div>

</body>

</html>

OUTPUT

multipage4.php

<html>

<?php

//Display the results.

echo "Your Name: " . $_POST['yourname'] . "<br />";

echo "Your Selection: " . $_POST['yourselection'] . "<br />";

echo "Your Email: " . $_POST['youremail'] . "<br />";

<a href="multipage.php">Try Again</a>

</div></body></html>

OUTPUT

Sunday, 1 November 2020

What is Information Security?

Information Security is not only about securing information from unauthorized access. Information Security is basically the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information. Information can be physical or electronic one.

Saturday, 31 October 2020

JNTUA B.Tech III Year II Semester (R15) Supplementary Examinations December/January 2018/19 WEB & INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES question paper

JNTUA B.Tech III Year II Semester (R15) Supplementary Examinations December 2019 WEB & INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES question paper

JNTUA B.Tech III Year II Semester (R15) Regular Examinations May/June 2018 WEB & INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES question paper

JNTUA B.Tech III Year II Semester (R15) Regular & Supply Examinations May/June 2019 WEB & INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES question paper

Monday, 26 October 2020

Write a PHP program to store user registration information (like user name, address, DOB, age, Aadhar card number, gender) with data base and display that details on view screen in tabular manner

user.html

<html>

<head>

<title> user registration information</title>

</head>

<body>

<h3 align="center">user registration information</h3>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Address:</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Date of Birth:</td><td><input type="date" name="dob" id="dob"/></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Aadhar Number:</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Gender:</td>

<td><input type="radio" name="gender" value="male" /> Male

<input type="radio" name="gender" value="female" /> Female</td>

</tr>

<tr>

</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

storeuser.php

<?php

$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "wit");

// Check connection

if($link === false){

die("ERROR: Could not connect. " . mysqli_connect_error());

}

// Escape user inputs for security

$user = mysqli_real_escape_string($link, $_POST['name']);

$address = mysqli_real_escape_string($link, $_POST['address']);

$dob = mysqli_real_escape_string($link, $_POST['dob']);

$age = mysqli_real_escape_string($link, $_POST['age']);

$aadhar = mysqli_real_escape_string($link, $_POST['aadhar']);

$gender = mysqli_real_escape_string($link, $_POST['gender']);

// attempt insert query execution

$sql = "INSERT INTO storeuser (name, address,dob,age,aadhar,gender) VALUES ('$user', '$address',

'$dob','$age','$aadhar','$gender')";

if(mysqli_query($link, $sql)){

echo "Records added successfully.";

$link_address="store.html";

echo "<a href='".$link_address."'>Go to Register Page</a>";

} else{

echo "ERROR: Could not able to execute $sql. " . mysqli_error($link);

}

// close connection

mysqli_close($link);

<a href="display.php">|Display|</a>

display.php

<html>

<body>

<?php

mysql_connect("localhost","root","");

mysql_select_db("wit");

$r=mysql_query("select * from storeuser");

echo"<table border=1>";

echo"<tr><th>User Name</th><th>Address</th><th>Date of Birth</th><th>Age</th><th>Aadhar Number</th><th>Gender</th></tr>";

while ($row=mysql_fetch_array($r))

{ echo"<tr>";

echo "<td>".$row['0']."</td>"."<td>".$row['1']."</td>"."<td>".$row['2']."</td>"."<td>".$row['3']."</td>"."<td>".$row['4']."</td>"."<td>".$row['5']."</td>";

echo "</tr>";

}

echo"</table>";

</body>

</html>

Monday, 19 October 2020

Write a script that asks the user to enter two numbers and outputs text that displays the sum, product, difference and quotient of the two numbers.

<html>

<head>

<title>javascript using sum, product, difference and quotient</title>

var number1;

var number2;

var sum;

var product;

var difference;

var quotient;

number1 = parseInt(window.prompt( "Enter first number" ));

number2 = parseInt(window.prompt( "Enter second number" ));

sum = number1 + number2;

product = number1 * number2;

difference = number1 - number2;

quotient = number1 / number2;

document.writeln( "<h3>The sum is " + sum + "</h3>" );

document.writeln( "<h3>The product is " + product + "<h3>");

document.writeln( "<h3>The difference is " + difference + "<h3>");

document.writeln( "<h3>The quotient is " + quotient + "<h3>");

</script></head>

</html>

Output:

Sunday, 18 October 2020

Design a form using HTML and java script to collect the details from the user such as name, gender (radio button), address, state & city. Create a dynamic drop down list for state and based on state, create another drop down list containing list of cities for that state.

<html>

<head><title>dynamic drop down list</title>

function dropdownlist()

{

var state=document.getElementById('input').value;

if(state==="AP")

{

var array=["Tirupati","vizag","kadapa","Amaravathi","kurnool"];

}

else if(state==="KA")

{

var array=["Bangalore","Mysore","Mangalore","Hubli"];

}

else if(state==="TN")

{

var array=["vellore","chennai","Coimbatore","Madurai"];

}

else if(state==="TG")

{

var array=["Hyderabad","Warangal","Nizamabad","Karimnagar"];

}

else

{

var array=[];

}

var string='';

for(i=0;i<array.length;i++)

{

string=string+"<option>"+array[i]+"</option>";

}

string="<select name='loc'>"+string+"</select>";

document.getElementById('output').innerHTML=string;

}

</script></head>

<body>

<p>Gender:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="male">Male

<input type="radio" name="gender" value="female">Female</p>

<p>Address:<textarea rows="4" cols="10" placeholder="please enter the proper address"></textarea></p>

<p>

State:

<option>select</option>

</select>

</p>

City:

<option>select</option>

</select>

</div></form></body>

</html>

Output:

Write a script that reads an integer and determines whether it is arm strong number or not.

<html><head><title>Armstrong number or not</title>

function Armstrong()

{

var flag,number,remainder,addition = 0;

number = Number(document.getElementById("num").value);

flag = number;

while(number > 0)

{

remainder = number%10;

addition = addition + remainder*remainder*remainder;

number = parseInt(number/10);

}

if(addition == flag)

{

window.alert("The input number is Armstrong");

}

else

{

window.alert("The input number is not Armstrong");

}

</script></head>

<body>

<h1>Whether a number is Armstrong or not</h1>

Enter the number :<input type="text" name="n" id = "num"/><br/>

</body>

</html>

For example Armstrong numbers are : 153 370 371 407

Output:

Write a PHP script to sort the elements in descending order of an array.

Example 1

<?php

$numbers = array(20, 91, 4, 39, 23);

rsort($numbers);

$arraylength = count($numbers);

for($x = 0; $x < $arraylength; $x++) {

echo $numbers[$x];

echo "<br>";

}

Output:

Example 2

<?php

$cars = array("Maruthi", "TATA", "KIA");

rsort($cars);

$carslength = count($cars);

for($i = 0; $i < $carslength; $i++) {

echo $cars[$i];

echo "<br>";

}

Output:

TATA
Maruthi
KIA

Example 3

<?php

// Define array

$numbers = array(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10);

// Sorting and printing array

rsort($numbers); // rsort- sort arrays in descending order

print_r($numbers);

Output:

Array ( [0] => 10 [1] => 9 [2] => 8 [3] => 7 [4] => 6 [5] => 5 [6] => 4 [7] => 3 [8] => 2 [9] => 1 )

Example 4

<?php

$colors = array("Red", "Blue", "Green","Yellow");

rsort($colors);

print_r($colors);

Output: Array ( [0] => Yellow [1] => Red [2] => Green [3] => Blue )